In this post, I will tell you about rename column name in In SQL Server. Now, I’ve got a table “tblRename” in which there are the two columns Id and Name.

But by mistake I misspelled Name to “Names” and now I want to change the column name to the correct name -> “Name”. So, how is it possible to rename the column name without dropping the table?

We can use a System Stored Procedure sp_rename.
EXEC sp_rename 'tblRename.Names', 'Name','column'

sp_rename is the Stored Procedure.The first value is the tblRename that is the table in which the column is to be renamed, as in "Names" -> tblRename.Names. The second value is the new segment name that we need to change it to, in other words Name. The third value is the sort and here the sort is segment.
Execute the previous query.

Finally, the column name is now changed to Name. But when we execute our query we get an error message:

Along these lines, if there are any Stored Procedures and scripts indicating this tblRename table in which you have determined the "Names" segment then that Stored Procedure or script won't come being used any longer in light of the fact that now there is no section present with a name "Names". In this way, in the event that you need to change the segment name then do it before making any important Stored Procedures or scripts.

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Here's a convenient script that is a piece of my tool stash all over I go. Scripts out and identifies basic database level security objects, and creates a TSQL proclamation to reproduce the items. Note that this script just chips away at SQL 2005 or above. This is a long way from an authority script.

I invite to all input on these scripts. I likewise have a server-level security script here.
--Run the below on each database for database-level security. 
SELECT DB_NAME() as Database_Name 
--Database Level Roles
SELECT DISTINCT
     QUOTENAME(r.name) as database_role_name, r.type_desc, QUOTENAME(d.name) as principal_name, d.type_desc
,    TSQL = 'EXEC sp_addrolemember @membername = N''' + d.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT + ''', @rolename = N''' + r.name + ''''
FROM sys.database_role_members AS rm
inner join sys.database_principals r on rm.role_principal_id = r.principal_id
inner join sys.database_principals d on rm.member_principal_id = d.principal_id
where d.name not in ('dbo', 'sa', 'public') 
--Database Level Security
SELECT     rm.state_desc
     ,   rm.permission_name
    ,   QUOTENAME(u.name) COLLATE database_default
    ,   u.TYPE_DESC
     ,   TSQL = rm.state_desc + N' ' + rm.permission_name + N' TO ' + cast(QUOTENAME(u.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT) as nvarchar(256))  
FROM sys.database_permissions AS rm
     INNER JOIN
     sys.database_principals AS u
     ON rm.grantee_principal_id = u.principal_id
WHERE rm.major_id = 0
and u.name not like '##%'
and u.name not in ('dbo', 'sa', 'public')
ORDER BY rm.permission_name ASC, rm.state_desc ASC
 --Database Level Explicit Permissions
SELECT     perm.state_desc
    , perm.permission_name
    ,   QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(obj.schema_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(obj.name)
       + CASE WHEN cl.column_id IS NULL THEN SPACE(0) ELSE '(' + QUOTENAME(cl.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT) + ')' END AS [Object]
     , QUOTENAME(u.name COLLATE database_default) as Usr_Name
    ,   u.type_Desc
    , obj.type_desc
   ,  TSQL = perm.state_desc + N' ' + perm.permission_name
           + N' ON ' + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(obj.schema_id)) + '.' + QUOTENAME(obj.name)
           + N' TO ' + QUOTENAME(u.name COLLATE database_default)
FROM sys.database_permissions AS perm
     INNER JOIN
     sys.objects AS obj
     ON perm.major_id = obj.[object_id]
     INNER JOIN
     sys.database_principals AS u
     ON perm.grantee_principal_id = u.principal_id
     LEFT JOIN
    sys.columns AS cl
     ON cl.column_id = perm.minor_id AND cl.[object_id] = perm.major_id
where
     obj.name not like 'dt%'
and obj.is_ms_shipped = 0
and u.name not in ('dbo', 'sa', 'public')
ORDER BY perm.permission_name ASC, perm.state_desc ASC

Alternately, wrap the entire thing in a msforeachdb:
exec sp_msforeachdb 'use [?];
SELECT DB_NAME() as Database_Name
--Database Level Roles
SELECT DISTINCT
 QUOTENAME(r.name) as database_role_name, r.type_desc, QUOTENAME(d.name) as principal_name, d.type_desc
, TSQL = ''EXEC sp_addrolemember @membername = N'''''' + d.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT + '''''', @rolename = N'''''' + r.name + ''''''''
FROM sys.database_role_members AS rm
inner join sys.database_principals r on rm.role_principal_id = r.principal_id
inner join sys.database_principals d on rm.member_principal_id = d.principal_id
where d.name not in (''dbo'', ''sa'', ''public'')
--Database Level Security
SELECT  rm.state_desc
 ,   rm.permission_name
    ,   QUOTENAME(u.name) COLLATE database_default
    ,   u.TYPE_DESC
 ,   TSQL = rm.state_desc + N'' '' + rm.permission_name + N'' TO '' + cast(QUOTENAME(u.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT) as nvarchar(256))  
FROM sys.database_permissions AS rm
 INNER JOIN
 sys.database_principals AS u
 ON rm.grantee_principal_id = u.principal_id
WHERE rm.major_id = 0
and u.name not like ''##%''
and u.name not in (''dbo'', ''sa'', ''public'')
ORDER BY rm.permission_name ASC, rm.state_desc ASC
 --Database Level Explicit Permissions
SELECT perm.state_desc
    , perm.permission_name
    ,   QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(obj.schema_id)) + ''.'' + QUOTENAME(obj.name)
       + CASE WHEN cl.column_id IS NULL THEN SPACE(0) ELSE ''('' + QUOTENAME(cl.name COLLATE DATABASE_DEFAULT) + '')'' END AS [Object]
 , QUOTENAME(u.name COLLATE database_default) as Usr_Name
    ,   u.type_Desc
    , obj.type_desc
    ,  TSQL = perm.state_desc + N'' '' + perm.permission_name
  + N'' ON '' + QUOTENAME(USER_NAME(obj.schema_id)) + ''.'' + QUOTENAME(obj.name)
  + N'' TO '' + QUOTENAME(u.name COLLATE database_default)
FROM sys.database_permissions AS perm
 INNER JOIN
 sys.objects AS obj
 ON perm.major_id = obj.[object_id]
 INNER JOIN
 sys.database_principals AS u
 ON perm.grantee_principal_id = u.principal_id
 LEFT JOIN
 sys.columns AS cl
 ON cl.column_id = perm.minor_id AND cl.[object_id] = perm.major_id
where
 obj.name not like ''dt%''
and obj.is_ms_shipped = 0
and u.name not in (''dbo'', ''sa'', ''public'')
ORDER BY perm.permission_name ASC, perm.state_desc ASC
';

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This time we will follow a complete and a smart way to create a HTTP server that is exact and quick in Node.js.

Express is insignificant and adaptable Node.JS web application framework that gives a vigorous set of gimmicks of web and portable application. What's more, it will help you in making APIs that verifiably take a shot at the HTTP protocol.

Installation
Express.JS is a framework file hosted by the Node Package Manager (NPM). For installation, we have a special node command to install on the local computer. Write the following code:
npm install [PACKAGE NAME]

And this is code for installing express:
node install express

Note: express is the package name.

After Installing, you will get a folder node_modules that consists of all the modules that you install from npm.

Finally, you have successfully installed the express module in your node folder. Now, write the following code:
// Express
var fs=require("fs");
var host="127.0.0.1";
var port="1337";

//Express
var express=require("express");
var app=express();
app.ger("/",fuction(request, response){
  response.send("Express is Working !!");
});

//Listening Socket
app.listen(port,host);

We utilize the term standard code with express on the grounds that it evacuates the undesirable lines. The code that minimizes the lines of code to do a certain task.  Also, express permits us to make a HTTP server in a couaple of lines of code. And here is the output:

I hope it works for you!

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One of the benefits and uses of Filtered Indexes in SQL Server is to produce filtered uniqueness. clearly this has some implications, thus please perceive what you are making an attempt to accomplish. In the below example, we've a compound natural key of the 2 fields key1 and key2. the field bit1 isn't a member of the natural key, however will inform us as to some table usage. maybe bit1 indicates that this record is Active (1) or Inactive (0), or whether or not the info is Confirmed (1) or unconfirmed  (0), or Deleted (0) or Not Deleted (1).

In any case, we have a tendency to solely wish to enforce uniqueness for when bit1 = 1, that indicates:
This value is often filtered to be used wherever bit1 = 1
We do not care whether or not there are duplicate records for once bit1 = 0.
In this means, you'll "deactivate" (in business terms) a record by setting bit1 = 0, while not violating your natural key's uniqueness on (key1, key2).
drop table dbo.tabletestdups
go
create table dbo.tabletestdups
( key1 int not null
, key2 int not null
, bit1 bit not null
)
go
create unique nonclustered index idx_nc_u_f_tabletestdups_key1_key2_bit1 on dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1)
go
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (1,1,1) –succeed
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (2,2,1) –succeed
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (3,3,1) –succeed
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (1,1,0) –succeed
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (2,2,0) –succeed
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (3,3,0) –succeed
go
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (1,1,1) –fails
go
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (1,1,0) –fails
go
drop index idx_nc_u_f_tabletestdups_key1_key2_bit1 on dbo.tabletestdups
go
create unique nonclustered index idx_nc_u_f_tabletestdups_key1_key2_bit1 on dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) WHERE bit1 = 1 --Note the important WHERE clause here at the end of the index.
go
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (1,1,1) –fails
go
insert into dbo.tabletestdups (key1, key2, bit1) values (1,1,0) --succeeds because the unique constraint only enforces bit1 = 1.
go
select * from dbo.tabletestdups

And here is the output:

Note that rows four and seven have allowed duplicate combination of key1 =1, key2= 1 and bit1 = 0, but that previous attempts to insert a duplicate combination of key1 =1, key2= 1 and bit1 = 1 unsuccessful.

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There are some condition & times once SQL Server CPU usage exceeds threshold value (ex 80th or more) and keep constant even until 100 percent for a undefined duration. A DBA don't get notified mechanically concerning performance degrade till its according by application team or service desk.

This typically happens once all in explosive unannounced application work goes to SQL Server for processing; but at smart range of times, it’s as a result of some T-SQL Queries are taking longer than expected or as a result of bad execution plan or block. There is also a lot of reason to add, but ultimately high processor usage on production systems goes to harm performance.

Given below could be a script that you simply will convert into stored procedure and call from SQL Server agent job, regular for each five minutes or additional to ascertain CPU usage on a vital info server. This script uses sys.dm_os_ring_buffers to spot CPU usage from last five minutes and if average CPU usage goes beyond 80th then send an alert email together with top 50 CPU consuming SQL sessions and details. And now change the 3rd code line to: SELECT @TimeNow = cpu_ticks / (cpu_ticks/ms_ticks) from sys.dm_os_sys_info

SCRIPT
SET NOCOUNT ON
DECLARE @TimeNow bigint
SELECT @TimeNow = cpu_ticks / convert(float, ms_ticks) from sys.dm_os_sys_info
-- Collect Data from DMV
Select record_id, dateadd(ms, -1 * (@TimeNow - [timestamp]),
GetDate())EventTime, SQLSvcUtilization, SystemIdle,
(100 - SystemIdle - SQLSvcUtilization) AS OtherOSProcessUtilization into #tempCPURecords
from ( select record.value('(./Record/@id)[1]', 'int')record_id, record.value('(./Record/SchedulerMonitorEvent/SystemHealth/SystemIdle)[1]','int')SystemIdle, record.value('(./Record/SchedulerMonitorEvent/SystemHealth/ProcessUtilization)[1]','int')SQLSvcUtilization,
timestamp
from ( select timestamp, convert(xml, record)record
from sys.dm_os_ring_buffers
where ring_buffer_type = N'RING_BUFFER_SCHEDULER_MONITOR'
and record like '%<SystemHealth>%')x )y  order by record_id desc
-- To send detailed sql server session reports consuming high cpu
-- For a dedicated SQL Server you can monitor 'SQLProcessUtilization'
-- if (select avg(SQLSvcUtilization) from #temp where EventTime>dateadd(mm,-5,getdate()))>=80
-- For a Shared SQL Server you can monitor 'SQLProcessUtilization'+'OtherOSProcessUtilization'
if (select avg(SQLSvcUtilization+OtherOSProcessUtilization)
from #tempCPURecords where EventTime>dateadd(mm,-5,getdate()))>=80
begin
print 'CPU Alert Condition Ture, Sending Email..'
DECLARE @tableHTML  NVARCHAR(MAX) ;
SET @tableHTML =
    N'<H1>High CPU Utilization Reported</H1>' +
    N'<H2>SQL Server Session Details</H2>' +
    N'<table border="1">' +
    N'<tr><th>SPID</th><th>Status</th><th>Login</th><th>Host</th><th>BlkBy</th>'+
   N'<th>DatabaseID</th><th>CommandType</th><th>SQLStatement</th><th>ElapsedMS</th>'+
   N'<th>CPUTime</th><th>IOReads</th><th>IOWrites</th><th>LastWaitType</th>'+
N'<th>StartTime</th><th>Protocol</th><th>ConnectionWrites</th>'+
N'<th>ConnectionReads</th><th>ClientAddress</th><th>Authentication</th></tr>'+
CAST ( ( SELECT  TOP 50 -- or all by using *
td= er.session_id,'',
td= ses.status,'',
td= ses.login_name,'', 
td= ses.host_name,'',  
td= er.blocking_session_id,'', 
td= er.database_id,'', 
td= er.command,'', 
td= st.text,'', 
td= er.total_elapsed_time,'', 
td= er.cpu_time,'', 
td= er.reads,'', 
td= er.writes,'', 
td= er.last_wait_type,'', 
td= er.start_time,'', 
td= con.net_transport,'', 
td= con.num_writes,'', 
td= con.num_reads,'', 
td= con.client_net_address,'', 
td= con.auth_scheme,'' 
FROM sys.dm_exec_requests er 
OUTER APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(er.sql_handle) st 
LEFT JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions ses 
ON ses.session_id =er.session_id  LEFT JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections con 
ON con.session_id = ses.session_id 
WHERE er.session_id > 50 
ORDER BY er.cpu_time DESC ,er.blocking_session_id
FOR XML PATH('tr'), TYPE
)AS NVARCHAR(MAX))+
N'</table>'
-- Change SQL Server Email notification code here
EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail
@recipients='dk@sqlknowledge',
@profile_name = 'SQLProfileName',   
@subject = 'ServerName:Last 5 Minutes Avg CPU Utilization Over 80%',
@body = @tableHTML,
@body_format = 'HTML';
END
-- Drop the Temporary Table
DROP Table #tempCPURecords

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In this post, I will tell you how to change primary key column for existing table in MSSQL 2014. First, you must create table User_Details with the code below:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Users_Details](
            [Username] [nchar](20) NOT NULL,
            [Password] [nchar](20) NOT NULL,
            [Email] [nchar](30) NULL,
            [Mobile] [nchar](15) NULL,
            [Address] [nchar](100) NULL,
            [USER_ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
            [Gender] [varchar](15) NULL,
            [Country] [varchar](50) NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_Username] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED
    (
            [Username] ASC
    )
    )

And the change the column as
ALTER TABLE Users_details
ALTER COLUMN USERname NVARCHAR(100)

Now, Run it. It will show the error. Because Username column contains Primary Key.
Msg 5074, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
The object 'PK_Username' is dependent on column 'Username'.
Msg 4922, Level 16, State 9, Line 1
ALTER TABLE ALTER COLUMN Username failed because one or more objects access this column.

First Drop the Primary Key Constraint and alter table and add  Primary Key Constraint
ALTER TABLE Users_Details
DROP CONSTRAINT PK_Username
ALTER TABLE Users_Details
ALTER COLUMN Username NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL
ALTER TABLE Users_Details
DD CONSTRAINT PK_Username PRIMARY KEY(Username)

Hope this tutorial works for you!

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Node.js is an open source, cross-platform runtime environment for server-side and networking applications. Node.js applications are written in JavaScript, and might be run within the Node.js runtime on OS X, Microsoft Windows, Linux and FreeBSD. Node.js provides an event-driven architecture and a non-blocking I/O API that optimizes an application's outturn and measurability. These technologies are normally used for real-time applications.

Node.js uses the Google V8 JavaScript engine to execute code, and an oversized percentage of the fundamental modules are written in JavaScript. Node.js contains a intrinsic  library to permit applications to act as an internet server while not software like Apache HTTP Server or IIS.
var http = require('http');
var fs = require('fs');
http.createServer(function(req, res) {
    var newFile = fs.createWriteStream("x.wmv");
    var fileBytes = req.headers['content-length'];
    var uploadedBytes = 0;
    req.pipe(newFile);
    req.on('data', function(chunk) {
        uploadedBytes += chunk.length;
        var progress = (uploadedBytes / fileBytes) * 100;
        res.write("progress:" + parseInt(progress, 10) + "\n");
    });
    res.write("Done");
}).listen(8888);

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Not all cipher texts area unit needed to be regenerate back to plain texts. ideal is "passwords". All we want with non reversible encryption is, store them in encrypted format and perform comparison once needed. What's the most effective method of implementing this with MSSQL 2014?

SQL Server provides variety of functions that may be used for encrypting plain texts using totally different mechanisms. Most of the functions enable you to write and so rewrite them back to plain text. Examples for these functions are "ENCRYPTBYKEY" and "ENCRYPTBYCERT". If decryption isn't needed or the requirment is non reversible encryption, then the most effective function to be used is "HASHBYTES".

HASHBYTES returns the hash of given clear text supported the algorithm used. Algorithms supported are: MD2, MD4, and MD5 (128 bits (16 bytes)); SHA and SHA1 (160 bits (20 bytes)); SHA2_256 (256 bits (32 bytes)), and SHA2_512 (512 bits (64 bytes)). SHA2_256 and SHA2_512 available only with SQL Server 2012 and higher than.

Though we've been given several algorithms for this, most of them are vulnerable for many attacks and not thought-about as secured cryptography algorithm. Some of them a number of identified to "collisions" that generate same output for various inputs. If you're using a version before 2012, best is SHA1 even though it's been marked for "collisions". If the version of SQL Server is 2012 or higher than, best is either SHA2_256 or SHA2_512.

Here could be a sample code that shows the usage of HASHBYTES;
-- Creating table
IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.UserCredential', 'U') IS NOT NULL
 DROP TABLE dbo.UserCredential
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.UserCredential
(
 UserId int identity(1,1) PRIMARY KEY
 , UserName varchar(20) NOT NULL
 , Password binary(64) NOT NULL
)
GO
-- Inserting records
INSERT INTO dbo.UserCredential
 (UserName, Password)
VALUES
 ('Peter', HASHBYTES('SHA2_512', 'Pa$$w0rd'))
 , ('Scott', HASHBYTES('SHA2_512', 'P@$$w0rD'))
-- Checking records inserted
SELECT * FROM dbo.UserCredential;

Since the cipher text cannot be reverted back with HASHBYTES, here is the way of doing the comparison.
-- Validating user
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM dbo.UserCredential
   WHERE UserName = 'Peter'
    AND Password = HASHBYTES('SHA2_512', 'P@$$w0rD'))
 Print 'User authenticated'
ELSE
 Print 'Invalid user!'

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In this post, I will explain you about Split and convert Comma Separated String. In this article I will explain with example code, how to split and convert a comma separated / delimited string to a table using Split function in SQL Server 2005, 2008, 2012 and MSSQL 2014 versions. The string containing words or letters or numbers separated (delimited) by comma or underscore or  plus(+) ,etc,. are going to be split into Table values.

I will conjointly explain a way to use the Split function to separate a string in an exceedingly SQL query or stored Procedures in SQL Server 2005, 2008 and 2012 versions. And here is the code that I used:
CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[SplitString] (@InputString NVARCHAR(MAX),@delimiter CHAR(1))
RETURNS @tbl TABLE (
  Item NVARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
)
AS
BEGIN
  DECLARE @StartIndex int,
          @NextIndex int,
          @ItemLen int
  SELECT
    @StartIndex = 0,
    @NextIndex = 1
  WHILE @NextIndex > 0
  BEGIN
    SELECT
      @NextIndex = CHARINDEX(@delimiter, @InputString, @StartIndex + 1)
    SELECT
      @ItemLen =
                CASE
                  WHEN @NextIndex > 0 THEN @NextIndex
                  ELSE LEN(@InputString) + 1
                END - @StartIndex – 1
    INSERT @tbl (Item)
      VALUES (CONVERT(varchar(50), SUBSTRING(@InputString, @StartIndex + 1, @ItemLen)))
    SELECT
      @StartIndex = @NextIndex
  END
  RETURN
END

Now, this is the example 1:
SELECT * FROM [SplitString]('Apple-Dell-HP-Lenovo-Sony','-')

Now, write the example 2:
SELECT * FROM [SplitString]('Apple,Dell,HP,Lenovo,Sony',',')
Here is the output from the code above:

Example code 3:
SELECT * FROM [SplitString]('1,2,3,4,5')

The output of the above code snippet is shown on the following picture:

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