The command "UNION" is the perfect way to join two tables with the same data context. Whether they have or do not have the same fields, you need to classify the data.
Look at this selected query.
Select t.* From ( 
(Select 1 as typePerson, tenName as namePerson, tenSalary as payMoney From Teachers Where tenAge>30) 
UNION 
(Select 0 as typePerson, stdName as namePerson, 0 as payMoney From Students Where stdYearFinish=2016) 
) t 
Where t.namePerson like ‘Maria%’ 
Order By t.tenName , t.typePerson;*

It creates a temporary alias “t”;
It classifies each data row “typePerson”, 1 (true) for teachers and 0 (false) to Students;
It filters the age of the teachers;
It filters the end year on the school to the year 2016;
After the UNION, it filters by the field name Person that begins with Maria.

Observations
All fields must be at the same position and the same data type, you can make all kinds of selects, joins, where etc. The "UNION ALL" command is better than UNION if you want to select all rows. If they are the same**, this is not the case. In this sample, you can make it a View.

CONCLUSION
You must be careful of the position of the fields and the type, and you can use cast too.

This selection is just an example.
The SQL UNION ALL operator is used to combine the result sets of 2 or more SELECT statements. It does not remove duplicate rows between the various SELECT statements (all rows are returned).

If you’re a developer, irrespective of the platform, you  have to work with databases. Creating SQL statements for tables is quite often a monotonous job and it gets hectic especially when dealing with gigantic tables that have hundreds of columns. Writing SQL statements manually every time becomes a tiresome process. Before explaining the script, I want to share the reason to write this script and how it is helping my peers. We have code standard on the database side. Below points are standards.

• Need to maintain a separate stored procedure to every table
• Don’t use * in the query instead specify the column
• Use the correct data type and size of a column
• Every parameter should be nullable in a stored procedure.

I am developing an application which is related to machines using .NET and SQL Server. The database design consists of some master tables and transactional tables. All the transactional table has more than 30 columns.

To meet my code standards, I need to mention all columns with correct data type and size in stored procedure parameters like below,
CREATEproc [dbo].[USP_PCNitemCreation] ( @Id int, @machineName varchar(50)=NULL, @furnacename varchar(50)=NULL, @minValue int=NULL, @maxValue int=NULL, @createdDate datetime=nullvarchar(100)=NULL ) 

All the queries should specify the column instead of using the start(*).
select machineName,furnacename from trn_furnace where Id=@Id 

It consumes more time and is a boring task. So, I plan to write the script to is cut down on the time it takes and boring repeated work. We cannot automate the logic, but we can automate the repeated task.

Then I write the below script which really cuts down on all of our above pain points.

Auto Query Generator Stored Procedure for MSSQL Server,
CREATEproc [dbo].[USP_QuerycreationSupport] ( @table_Name varchar(100)=NULL ) AS  
BEGINDECLARE @InserCols   NVARCHAR(max)DECLARE @Inserparam  NVARCHAR(max)DECLARE @Insertquery NVARCHAR(max)DECLARE @Selectquery NVARCHAR(max)DECLARE @Update      NVARCHAR(max)DECLARE @DeleteQuery NVARCHAR(max) 
  -- sp paramSELECT '@'+c.NAME+Space(1)+Casecast(t.Nameasnvarchar(40))WHEN'nvarchar'THEN  
  t.NAME    +'('+cast(c.max_length asnvarchar(30))+')'  
WHEN'varchar'THEN  
  t.NAME+'('+cast(c.max_length asnvarchar(30))+')'  
WHEN'char'THEN  
  t.NAME+'('+cast(c.max_length asnvarchar(30))+')'  
WHEN'decimal'THEN  
  t.NAME        +'(18,2)'  
  ELSE t.nameend+'=null,'AS colss FROM sys.columns c innerjoin sys.types t ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id leftouterjoin sys.index_columns ic ON ic.object_id= c.object_idand ic.column_id = c.column_id leftouterjoin sys.indexes i ON ic.object_id= i.object_idand ic.index_id = i.index_id WHERE c.object_id=object_id(@table_Name)SELECT'Insert query'SET @InserCols=(selectdistinct  
  (  
         select sc.NAME+','  
         FROM   sys.tables st innerjoinsys.columns sc  
         ON st.object_id= sc.object_id  
         WHERE  st.NAME= @table_Name forxmlpath(''),  
                type).value('.','NVARCHAR(MAX)'))  
  -- Return the result of the functionSELECT @InserCols=LEFT(@InserCols,Len(@InserCols)-1)  
  --select @InserColsSET @Inserparam=(selectdistinct  
  (  
         select'@'+sc.NAME+','  
         FROM   sys.tables st innerjoinsys.columns sc  
         ON st.object_id= sc.object_id  
         WHERE  st.NAME= @table_Name forxmlpath(''),  
                type).value('.','NVARCHAR(MAX)'))  
  -- Return the result of the functionSELECT @Inserparam=LEFT(@Inserparam,Len(@Inserparam)-1)  
  --select @InserparamSET @Insertquery='insert into '+@table_Name+'('+@InserCols+')'+'values'+'('+@Inserparam+')'SELECT @InsertquerySELECT'Update Query'SET @Update=(selectdistinct  
  (  
         select sc.NAME+'=@'+sc.NAME+','  
         FROM   sys.tables st innerjoinsys.columns sc  
         ON st.object_id= sc.object_id  
         WHERE  st.NAME= @table_Name forxmlpath(''),  
                type).value('.','NVARCHAR(MAX)'))  
  -- Return the result of the functionSELECT @Update=LEFT(@Update,Len(@Update)-1)  
  --select @UpdateSET @Update='UPdate '+@table_Name+' set '+@UpdateSELECT @Update  
  -- For select QuerySELECT'Select Query'SET @Selectquery='select '+@InserCols +' from '+ @table_NameSELECT @Selectquery 
  -- For Delete QuerySELECT'Delete Query'SET @DeleteQuery='delete from '+ @table_NameSELECT @DeleteQuery 
end 

How to use this script,
Step 1 - Create the stored procedure using the above code or attached code.
Step 2 - Execute the stored procedure and pass your table name as a parameter.
Exec USP_QuerycreationSupport@table_Name='mstCustomer' 

Should not pass the database object in the table name
Exec USP_QuerycreationSupport@table_Name='[dbo].[mstCustomer]' 

Once you execute the Stored Procedure as mentioned above, you get all the SQL statements as shown here. You could easily use the generated SQL statements elsewhere. You get all basic SQL statements like Select, Insert, Update & Delete.

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In the release of SQL Server 2016 CTP 2 one of the features that was introduced is JSON clause. So, the first question that comes into everyone’s mind is What is JSON? JSON stands for JavaScript Object Notation. JSON is a lightweight format which is used for storing and interchanging the data. JSON uses standard JavaScript functions to convert the JSON data into native JavaScript objects. The main purpose of using FOR JSON is used to create new JSON objects. We can format the query results using FOR JSON clause in these ways,
With AUTO mode
With PATH mode
With ROOT option
Output with INCLUDE_NULL_VALUES option

In this blog, we will discuss the query formatting using FOR JSON clause with AUTO mode option.

Syntax for FOR JSON clause with AUTO option is like this:
FOR JSON AUTO

When AUTO option is used, the format of JSON is determined automatically on the basis of the number of columns present in the SELECT statement list. A FROM clause is necessary inquery with FOR JSON AUTO option.

When you join tables, columns present in the first table are used as properties of the root object in JSON array while columns present in the second table will be automatically formatted as a nested object within the root object.

Let’s execute the below query and see the JSON output.
SELECT sp.BusinessEntityID, 
   sp.TerritoryID, 
   st.CountryRegionCode, 
   st.[Group] TerrritoryGroup 
   FROM sales.salesperson sp 
   JOIN Sales.SalesTerritory st ON sp.TerritoryID = st.TerritoryID 
   WHERE sp.TerritoryID = 10 
FOR JSON AUTO 

After executing the above query, we get the output in this format.
[{ 
    "BusinessEntityID": 289, 
    "TerritoryID": 10, 
    "st": [{ 
        "CountryRegionCode": "GB", 
        "TerrritoryGroup": "Europe" 
    }] 
}]

Brackets [ ] represents JSON array in output.

Here, in the output, we can see that table Sales.SalesTerritory is automatically formatted as a nested object under parent object.

So we have generated a formatted query output using JSON clause. I will continue with other ways of formatted output using JSON clause in my next blogs.

I was working on a scenario in which I needed to assign a unique value to a column. I was trying to update the column using window ranking function ROW_NUMBER() but I got an error that ‘Windowed function can only appear in SELECT or ORDER BY clause’:

Then I did some workaround and used the Windows function indirectly using a CTE (Common Table Expression) for this. I will show you step by step how I accomplished this using CTE.

Let’s first create a table with some test data,
    CREATE TABLE Test 
    ( 
        ID INT, 
        Value VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL 
    ) 
    GO 
     
    INSERT INTO Test (Value) VALUES('Sunday'),('Monday'),('Tuesday'),('Wednesday'),('Thursday'),('Friday'),('Saturday') 
    GO 

As we can see that in column ID NULL values get inserted as we didn’t specify any values for this column during INSERT statement. So, when I tried this UPDATE statement using ROW_NUMBER() with SET I got the following error,
    UPDATE Test 
    SET ID = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Value) 
    GO 

Then I used CTE to update the ID values in table test in this manner,
    ;WITH CTE AS 
    ( 
        SELECT Value, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Value) as RN 
        FROM Test 
    ) 
     
    UPDATE T 
    SET ID = RN 
    FROM CTE C JOIN Test T ON T.value = C.Value 

When I ran this SQL code I didn’t get any error and ID column values to get updated with unique values.